Ralph Abernathy: A leader of the Civil Rights Movement

Being a prominent leader during the Civil Rights movement was a perilous position to occupy. Very few people have the guts to make themselves the face of a movement, and even fewer succeed at it. Ralph Abernathy was an American Civil Rights activist who advocated equality alongside Martin Luther King Jr. and many others. Ralph Abernathy strived to help establish a more equal and welcoming America for all.Abernathy went on a journey to help change the way America is today and help create a more equal America for all, regardless of race or ethnicity. Ralph Abernathy began gaining the skills to be a leader at a young age, and exemplified those skills by leading multiple demonstrations. Ralph Abernathy was born on March 11, 1926, in Linden, Alabama. He was born into a time of social inequality and race segregation. Abernathy served in the United States Army during WWII and served as a platoon Sergeant, leading his own group of soldiers. After being discharged from the Army, he enrolled a t Alabama State University (ASU).While attending ASU he began to notice how the university was segregated. He gained fame when he started his first demonstrations, protesting the lack of heat and hot water in his dormitory and the dreadful food served in the cafeteria. Later, in 1951, he was called to the Civil Rights Movement when he became the pastor of the First Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. As pastor he mentored Martin Luther King Jr. as a minister of a nearby church. They formed a close friendship that would carry on for the rest of their lives.Abernathy developed a leadership role from the start of his life which helped lead him into his role as one of the biggest Civil Rights advocates America had ever had. Abernathy organized, created, and lead multiple different protest and organizations to help the Civil Rights Movement. One of The biggest protests he organized was the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Abernathy organized it with the help of Martin Luther King Jr. and toget her they lead the biggest boycott of the whole Movement. â€Å"It was decided that black people in Montgomery would refuse to use the buses until passengers were completely integrated† (Simkin).This protest was his call to action and one of his main contributions to the movement. Another one of Abernathys main contributions to the Civil Rights Movement was that he founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Martin Luther King Jr. was president of the organization and Abernathy was secretary treasurer.   They worked together in helping to desegregate America and  teaching people how to stand up for themselves and protest non- violently. The biggest trial that Abernathy went through was when his church was â€Å"sieged† by white supremacists. 1,500 men and woman were surrounded and Abernathy was willing to give himself up to save the innocent people stuck in the church.Ultimately, he did not end up sacrificing himself, but this was also a test of his character. â€Å"Over the next few years Abernathy was arrested nineteen times† (Simkin). Abernathy proved himself to be a dedicated, powerful, and resourceful leader. As the Civil Rights Movement progressed, Abernathy's role became a less dire. When Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated, Abernathy took over the role as president of the SCLC. Ralph Abernathy led â€Å"daily demonstrations in May and June 1968, just a month after King's assassination† (Kirkland). Some of the important last demonstrations he led were the: Poor Peoples March in Washington D.C. in May, 1968, Atlanta sanitation workers strike in 1968, and lastly the Charleston Hospital workers strike in 1969.Abernathy retired his position as president of the SCLC in 1977. He then ran for a spot in the Georgia Congressional Seat. He was unsuccessful in the running yet continued advocating peace until his retirement. Abernathy's journey came to an end and he retired his title as a leader of the Civil Right s Movement. To conclude, Ralph Abernathy was a dedicated Civil Rights Activist who advocated equality and justice for all. Alongside many others, he accomplished impressive feats that once seemed unreachable. He went on a journey towards helping America become a more equal country. He was tested to his limits and proved himself to be a worthy, dedicated, and powerful leader.

Inkwell Accounting Department Essay

The Accounting Department 1. Inkwell has a small finance team. The accounting department is based in the head office of the company, which is located in Birmingham. There are 8 people in the finance team. Each member of the team has their own computer. The team has access to the internet using Firefox and two printers integrated to each computer. 2. Inkwell has one Financial Director, Anil Gupta. Anil’s main job is to manage the overall financial position of the business, ensuring capital investments and corporate strategy is properly dealt with. He has delegated the running of the accounts department to the company accountant. 3. Inkwell has one company accountant, Michael O’Payne who has been in charge of most financial affairs before Anil Gupta joined the company. The others in the financial team report to him. 4. The team consists of one accounts technician, one General Ledger and Inventory Clerk, one Accounts Payable Clerk, one Accounts Receivable Clerk, one Costing Technician and one Payroll and Personnel Database clerk. 5. The accounting department keep a close relationship with the shop staff. The main mode of communication is through email and phone calls, occasionally a member from the team will pay them an unexpected visit. The Accounting Department- Key Internal Stakeholders 1. Anil Gupta, Financial Director, has the overall responsibility for all finance, legal and accounting procedures and systems. He produces annual reports and statutory accounts. Alongside this he deals with financial issues such as banking and also legal issues, such as contacts. Anil has 30% of the company’s shares when joined the directors in 2008. 2. Michael O’Payne, the Company Accountant, has been in the company since the set up of the company. His main duties include running the day to day responsibility of the accounts department. He also produces monthly management accounts and approves payments to suppliers. After observing the company there is a low level of tension between him and Anil. However, Michael still needs to report to Anil, if he likes it or not. 3. Alex Fox, accounting technician, has the responsibility of making sure the accounting system is reviewed and recommend changes, along with other project work. She has to report to both Anil and Michael, however works more closely to Michael. 4. Michelle Labelle, General Ledger and Inventory Clerk, has the duties of maintaining the company’s cash book and keeping control on the company’s inventory. This requires Michelle to keep in close communication with the store managers. She too reports to Michael. 5. Liana Khan, Accounts payable Clerk, has the responsibility of entering all the suppliers’ invoices and credit notes on to the accounting system. She also has to ensure payments are arranged to suppliers. Liana also reports to Michael, her Father in Law. 6. Greg Morris, Accounts Receivable Clerk, has the duties of inputting all data received by customers, as well as credit control duties. These duties include sending out monthly statements to customer, working out discounts and chasing customers who have not paid in the time given. 7. Alan Cook, Costing Technician, has the responsibility of operating the costing system. This means Alan has to work closely with the Sales director in order to reach market prices. Alan uses Quickcost software to do his work and has been doing it for since the company started. He also monitors the cost and profitability of each cartridge on a monthly bases and advises management about variance targets. 8. Sharon Ward, Payroll and Personnel Clerk is responsible for the running of the payroll, both Weekly and monthly and also to make sure the personnel database is always up to date. Sharon uses Sage Payroll systems to process all her statutory forms.

African Rock Python Essay

The African rock python. It is Domain: Eukarya. Domain is the highest taxonomic rank of organisms, higher than a kingdom. The African rock python falls under Eukarya because it is a multicellular organism composed of eukaryotic cells. It is Kingdom: Anamalia. Kingdom is the second highest rank. It falls under Anamalia for obvious reasons. It is Phylum: Chordata. Phylum is the primary division of the plant or animal kingdom. It is Class: Reptilia. Class is a group of related plants or animals, in the general classification of plants and animals. The African rock python falls under Reptilia because it has a characteristic of being cold-blooded. It is Order: Squamata. Order is a taxonomic rank used in classifying organisms, generally below the class, and comprised of families sharing a set of similar nature or characteristics. The African rock python shed their skin periodically and have very flexible jaws, which are characteristics of Squamata. It is Family: Pythonidae. Organisms belonging to the same family would have evolved from the same ancestors and share relatively common characteristics. The Pythonidae family is a family of non-venomous snakes who are powerful constrictors that wrap around their prey to kill it. This family includes the African rock python. It’s Genus: Python. In binomial nomenclature, the genus is used as the first word of a scientific name. It’s Species: Python sebae. Species is the second part of the name is the binomial nomenclature. The name Python Sebae was derived from the Greek mythology, which refers to a huge serpent. The largest snake in Africa and the third largest snake in the world, the African rock python, have long bulky bodies. Snakes are considered vertebrates because they have a backbone, a closed circulatory system, where the heart and blood vessels are continuously contracting. The blood never leaves the blood vessels. The outer layer of the epidermis is thick and lacks glands. It is characterized by keratin scales. Ranging anywhere from an average size of 18 to 20 feet long, but can grow up to 28 feet long! The females are larger than the males and can weigh almost 300lbs. However the size may vary according to their natural habitat. It is amazing to note that in areas where there is a higher population, the size of the African rock python has been smaller in size, as compared to areas where human habitat is less; the African Rock Python snake is much bigger in ize. African Rock Pythons are often tan with brown spots that have black outlines. This helps them camouflage in the environment, and gives them an advantage to hunt their prey or hide from potential predators. This is considered cryptic camouflage. A V-shape noticeably marks the face. This python is non-venomous, and has teeth curved inward to help pull in prey when eating. Like all pythons, the scales of the African rock python are small and smooth, and those nearby the lips control heat-sensitive pits, which are used to distinguish warm-blooded prey, even in the dark. Pythons also possess two functioning lungs, unlike more â€Å"advanced† snakes which have only one, and also have small, visible pelvic spurs, believed to be the remnants of hind limbs. It is said that snakes are evolved from lizards that burrowed in tunnels or in water, and the use of hind legs made it harder for them to burrow. Over time there legs started to grow shorter and eventually becoming useless, leaving behind what is now known as there spurs, located right before the anus. The rate of this evolution occurred at a slow constant pace over millions of years. This evidence of evolution would be considered phylogeny, the evolutionary relationship among species. African rock pythons reside in sub-Saharan Africa, but prefer evergreen forests or moist, open savannahs. You will always most likely find an African rock python associated with water and often are found near rivers and lakes. The African rock python has recently been found on the loose in Florida. Not many know how the massive snake happened to come about in Florida. Many believe they were released purposely, because the owner or breeder was ill-equipped for the intensity of this particular snake. A frightening factor has arisen since the African rock python has inhabited the south Florida territory. The Burmese python has already established foothold in the Everglades. The fear of a new â€Å"Super Snake† breed arising if the Burmese and African rock python were to mate, strikes fear that a hybrid python may be on the rise in the Everglades. Knowing that the African rock is bigger and more aggressive than the Burmese python which is about 17 feet long, the â€Å"super snake† would surpass that length. It would not only hamper the ecosystem but would also be dangerous for families with small children. The python hunts by smelling food with its tongue, flicking it up and down. Although the African rock python are already powerful on land, this brainy serpent employs an even more impressive tactic underwater. Ever adaptable, the pythons that reside near water thrive on fish. Much older snakes can use the water to its advantage and hunt greater prey. They can remain under water and every 30 minutes come up to take a discrete breath. It uses heat-sensing organs, called photoreceptors to detect warm-blooded prey. Because the African rock python is non-venomous it squeezes its food. Every time the prey exhales, the python constricts a little more, so that inhalation becomes increasingly difficult. Death is caused mostly by cardiac arrest rather than myths or urban legends articulating that their prey was crushed to death. African rock pythons, as well as every python, are carnivores. Their diet consists of large rodents, monkeys, antelopes, crocodiles, dogs, goats, and poultry . They have strong acids inside their stomach which helps them to digest their food. It is rare of the African rock python hunting for humans. After eating a large animal, the python needs no food for a long time, and may rest for weeks. In this engorged state, it is most vulnerable to attack by predators. In most cases if the snake feels threatened it will regurgitate the food and escape to shelter. African Rock Python becomes sexually active as early as 3-5 years old and reproduce during the spring. The female snake lets out a pheromone which attracts the male snake to mate. During the breeding season both the sexes fast and the female continues the fast till the eggs are hatched. African rock pythons fall under the subclass: protheria. They are oviparous, meaning they reproduce by laying eggs, which hatch outside the mother’s body. Surprisingly the python shows distinct mother instincts by coiling around the eggs, protecting them from predators, and incubating the eggs to help with development until they hatch, which is about 90 days. Which makes this species rather interesting as parenting is quite a foreign concept to reptiles. Hatchlings are between 18–24 inches in length, and have temper when born. Some are known to strike when hatching. They are nearly identical to adults, except with more distinguishing colors. African Rock Python can live up to 12 years in wild however they can live up to 30 years in captivity. It is said that the African rock python is does not run the risk of extinction, but is listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). There is a high demand for the python’s skin and meat in the market, mostly to make leather, belts and purses. Exporting of these exotic animals is known to be illegal. Some of the African rock python’s habitats are also known to be under threat due to destruction for the oil industry. In some cases the African rock python might be a prey to hyenas or the African wild dogs during their digestion period, but aside from humans, adult African rock pythons have very few natural predators due to their large size. For the reason that these species can reach significant sizes, their constricting power must be respected. Most cases found of African rock pythons swallowing a crocodile whole, later to be found that the crocodile was not digested and penetrated the skin of the python. Although this species can easily kill an adult, there are only a few cases in which the victim, in most cases a child, was actually consumed. Rare cases have been reported of an African rock python consuming a 10 year old boy, or attempting to eat a child. In another case a 13 year old was swallowed, but the python was forced to regurgitate the body. The African rock python began being known as â€Å"Man-eating snake†. This factor of their strength, as well as size, separates this python from most other snakes. Maybe even all reptiles for that matter. African rock pythons have been known to go after monitor lizards, which are known to very aggressive and strong. This is one reason why African rock pythons should not be considered a first pet for someone who wants to own a snake. People who are ill-equipped owners or breeders do not know what to expect and end up getting ahead of themselves, and can no longer handle a beast that they just irresponsibly release them, no knowing what their actions have lead to. The African rock python has many fascinating features, from the way they hunt, the way they eat, live, breed, how big of an importance they to the environment not only around animals but humans as well. It’s amazing at how big they can get and to know exactly how powerful they can be. The types of animals they can bring down are twice their size. Their lifestyle captures my attention. Besides the fact, that I am attracted to exotic pets, I own a Royal python, commonly known as a Ball python. Similar to the African rock python, the ball python is considered more docile and smaller in length and hopefully size in the future, but it is still a dangerous animal and should not be handled lightly. This research paper has added to my knowledge of the African rock python as well as other common snakes. I have learned that what may seem to be a harmless hatchling at birth, can grow into an overgrown, powerful killing machine. This is also known as fatal attraction. I know that if I wanted to know release my ball python into the wild I would know how to do it properly. The choice of owning a python, or any snake for that matter , is a choice that needs to be taken seriously, these animals require attention, a stable and healthy living environment, and patience. You never know what to expect from them or when to expect something from them.

Water Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water Resources - Assignment Example At Sattler and Brussels points, the volume of discharge indicates similarity in the environmental conditions of the areas surrounding the river. Therefore, Guadalupe River covers areas with similar climatic conditions that do not change abruptly making the discharge to be even. The climatic conditions of the two areas is relatively same, making the discharge volumes relatively equal, with the daily maximum and daily minimum varying minimally. The areas around the branches did not register changes in the land use that could affect the amount of discharge. There is a significant correlation between the flow and precipitation as witnessed in the change of the volume of discharge. The months of January to April register constant precipitation with the rest of the years having minimal precipitation. The relation between the minimal, maximum and mean discharge is constant with minimal variation in the discharge indicating the similarity of the environmental

Kmart Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kmart Analysis - Essay Example Kmart deals in a wide range of retail products. The company principally provides the grocery items on its retail stores along with other consumer products such as women's and kids apparels, fashion clothing, gifts, toys, baby and kids beddings, furniture, nursery products, jewelry, electronics, home appliances, fragrances, personal care items and sports, leisure and fitness goods etc ("Kmart Home", n.d.) Kmart's business operations fall under discount retailing industry. It confronts with overwhelming competition in the industry from the significant retail giants such as Wal-Mart, Target stores, Kohl's and J.C. Penney etc. Kmart has shown a comeback in the industry after the bankruptcy with a vision to deliver value to its customers and shareholders in an identical manner. It aims for constant expansion with a view to advance in terms of sale and profitability records, to enhance the efficacy and alleviate the costs, to strengthen and elevate the utilization of assets towards increasing profits etc ("Corporate History", n.d.) The following chart depicts a snapshot of K-mart's financial ratios ("Kmart Corporation", n.d.) compared to the discount retailing industry average ("Retail (Department & Discount) Industry", n.d.) along with two of its competitors i.e., Wal-Mart ("Ratios for Wal-Mart", n.d.) and Target ("Ratios for Target", n.d.), so as to provide a better insight into the company's financial position and performance with respect to that of its industry and competitors: Kmart Industry Wal-Mart Target Quick Ratio 2.0 0.26 0.13 0.89 Current Ratio 3.6 1.17 0.89 1.50 Debt to Equity 0.93 0.55 0.54 0.70 Gross Margin 25.9% 27.50% 23.17% 32.15% Net Profit Margin 5.6% 3.80% 3.49% 4.58% Return On Assets 10.1% 7.43% 8.32% 7.30% Cash Conversion Cycle 67 days 39 days 14 days 39 days An examination of the above chart straightens out a fine line between Kmart, its major competitors and the whole discount retail industry. The further in-depth interpretation and analysis of the above presented ratios is provided below to compare Kmart's financial position and performance with its competitors and other companies in the same industry: Current Ratio: The current ratio reflects the liquidity position of a company in terms of a comparison of its current assets and current liabilities. Kmart's current ratio is 3.6:1, which means that the company keeps $3.6 worth of liquid assets against every $1 worth of current liabilities. The current ratio of Kmart is much higher than that of the discount retail industry as well as Wal-Mart and Target Corporation individually. Apart from showing a sound liquidity position of the company, it emphasizes the fact that much of the company's current assets are lying idle without being invested further. Quick Ratio: An investigation of the above ratio comparison reveals that the Kmart Corporation's quick ratio is much higher than that of its industry and competitors. Kmart's quick ratio is 2.0, which shows that Kmart is much capable to pay off its short-term debts and liabilities after keeping aside the inventory than all the other companies in the industry. The difference between the current and quick ratios explicit the quantity of stock held by company, which is about 55% of the total current assets for Kmart. Debt to

Why is Food Exchanged with Hindu Gods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Why is Food Exchanged with Hindu Gods - Essay Example This is known as Prasad, which means mercy or the divine grace from god. The food offered to the deities is said to bestow religious merit, purifying body, mind and spirit. One of the rituals performed in Hinduism is known as puja. It is an offering done to various deities or special guests. It is done in variety of occasions and settings, but it is mainly performed at home or in public temples. However, Puja has different ritual performances, which basically, exhibit the same structure. Pitar pak, a family rite consisting of simple rituals andinvolves a few participants (Babb 34). The matar festival in whichtheparticipants’ number are in hundreds unlike the pitar Pak. Singing Bhajan and a domestic puja called saptashati path. These ceremonies are performed to persuade deities to grant favors that the worshipper is seeking. Food offering is the central feature of the rituals Hindus perform. Otherwise, without food offering, the ritual would simply not be Puja in the convention al sense of the term. Food is offered to the deity and in turn, the deity in some way partakes of the offering. Sometimes, the consumption of the food is symbolized physically, like in homa where the food is consumed by the fire. Other times the food is set before the god often behind a concealing cloth. In both cases, it is assumed that the deity actually partakes of the food. If the deity does eat the food placed on the altar, the leftover is then taken back for distribution. Upon eating this food, the participants are giving the most profound honor to the god. Therefore, the exchange of food in puja is in consonance with general principles that order Hindu life. More so, it shows that the food exchange that takes place in puja is a necessary pattern of human interaction with the gods. In presenting the food, the deities are paid for the past of future favors. Apart from the food, offering of clothing, money, and precious metals are used to pay the deities. The deities are suppose d to be given expensive type of foods, and if simple, they are usually prepared under stringent conditions of purity, which is the universal rule of Hindu ceremonialism (Babb 47). Rituals should be performed to honor god and at the same time to pay the god for all the favors. Several rituals in Hinduism are associated with food. For example, when a child feeds for the first time, it is celebrated as Samskara known as annaprasana. The funeral rite involves offering food to the departed soul. Devout Hindus observe some rituals before eating it. They sprinkle water around the food to purify it and make it worthy to the gods. In addition, they clean the place first because Hindu law books proscribe eating food in dirty places. They offer food to their personal gods before eating. In doing so, one’s body becomes a sacrificial alter. It is also believed that offering the gods food is a mark of self-devotion. As stipulated in the Hindu scriptures, anyone who offers food to gods befo re eating it come to no harm as the qualities in the food are neutralized by their positive energies. Therefore, it is important that the food is presented to â€Å"temple† where the gods are waiting on their altars (Yalman 293) The Hinduism community in honor of the gods holds different festivals, for example, the Annakuta festival. Annakuta literally means, â€Å"A hill of food†. On this day, worshippers offer Krishna great varieties and large quantities of vegetarian food. It is a celebration of an event in Krishna’s life. He lifted the mountain of Govardhan for seven days to protect people against the deluge of rain sent by the god of heavens and rains, and that is why Hindus celebrate this day (Toomey 123). They prepare hundreds of different food and take them to the

Yala Swamp Conflict Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Yala Swamp Conflict - Term Paper Example The aim of the project was to prevent degradation of the wetland and improve the lives of local people (Davenport 4). However, despite the project’s endeavor, it raised conflicts between the local communities on one side and county councils and the Dominion, founders of the project, on the other side. This, therefore, led to the emergence of Yala swamp conflict from the year 2003 to present.  It has caused a great attention and concerns that many African countries experience conflicts especially as a result of resource depletion and environmental degradation. As the U.S. United Nations delegate, I have been assigned a Judy to arbitrate an aspect of dispute in the Yala swamp conflict that exist between two sides, the one on the local community and the one on the Dominion and country council. After conducting my research on the disputing issue, I realized that the development project meant to improve the condition of Yala swamp was the main source of conflict (Davenport 11). I have been able to analyze and gain an understanding of the nature of the moral dimensions of conflict in the region. The conflicting parties are actually the stakeholders of the project where one party, the local community, is affected by the development project while the other party of both dominion and country council are the exploiters.  I also understand that conflict has emerged as a result of incompatible goals, which depend on contested natural resources. I realized that the local community feels deprived of the right to use land for farm by the development project hence contesting for the natural resources. Furthermore, this community lives in extreme poverty and therefore desire to acquire more land. Land conflict result to environmental degradation when a community is squeezed into a limited area and cause pressure on it.  

An unmanageable Case-Management Quandary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An unmanageable Case-Management Quandary - Essay Example There is a need to change the way judges are managing their cases because it is clear that they are uncertain about how to reduce backlog. According to a report by Great Britain (2011), even before opening of the court door, there are more cases going into court thanks to settlement or negotiation of cases out of court by litigants themselves. Litigants in person are individuals without legal representation by solicitors or barristers but have a right of audience. Litigants in person bringing their cases to court are less prepared because they do not have knowledge of the documents required by the judges. The judges end up starting of case hearing without all the relevant documents. In addition, litigants in person do not have an idea of the evidence required for presentation in court and the witness reports are poorly prepared. This makes the judge to steer off the case and assist the litigant in person, increasing the time taken to dispose a case. The longer the time taken to dispose a case the longer the queue thus creation of a backlog. The courts should avoid such cases without help from people with legal knowledg e. The court should appoint Pro bono lawyers to represent people who cannot afford to hire lawyers or hire more staff to assist them. This will increase the number of cases disposed monthly. Efficient justice administration is dependent on many factors (Abioye, 2014). Abioye (2014) considers the registry, modern technology and availability of material and resources, quality of judges and dedicated lawyers as the factors required to reduce backlogs in court. The court’s staff should be competent when it comes to record keeping. The court should increase number of staff in order to improve record keeping and hasten the speed of file recovery for case hearing, to avoid delay. Introduction of modern methods of file storage and recovery

Social problems Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social problems - Coursework Example On the other hand, the subjective element of social problems refers to the belief that a certain social condition is harmful to the society, or to a section of the society and it can be changed. Problems such as drug addiction, poverty, crime and pollution do exist. These conditions are not considered as social problems but they can cause a lot of destruction is a society (Eitzen and Zinn 2). What is the difference between norm violations and social conditions as types of social problems? Which is a person blame and which a systems blame approach? Why doe the authors of this book believe the focus should be on social conditions (system blame) rather than norm violations (person blame)? Do you agree with them? Why or why not? As social problems, norm violations tend to assume that there is a standard behavior. People studying norm violations are normally interested in failures in the society criminals, the school dropouts, and the mental ill. On the other hand, norm violations are symptoms of social problems and not the problem itself. For example, deviants are victims who need to entirely carry the blame. The second type of social problems involves conditions that tend to cause material and psychic suffering for some people. In addition, there is the person-blame approach which is the approach of understanding people’s social problems. In this approach, those who deviate are considered as the source of trouble. The authors of this book believe that the focus should be on system blame and not person blame since blaming an individual gives the government a chance to take control of dissidents more easily. In most cases, deviants are normally sent to hospitals or prisons for rehabilitation. It is th erefore right for the authors to base on system blame (Eitzen and Zinn 4). Welfare state capitalism is a type of capitalism is a type of capitalism that has

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies Essay - 7

Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies - Essay Example Apart from the mission, the prime objective of the company is to obtain a leadership position being one of the most recognized and well-respected business corporation in the world. In order to accomplish this objective, the company plans to expand its retail stores in different regions throughout the globe introducing new quality products incessantly (Lee, n.d.). The essay intends to analyze various business-level and corporate-level strategies of Starbucks. Moreover, the determination of appropriate business-level and corporate-level strategies which are most important for the attainment of long-term success of the company will also be discussed henceforth. Various aspects, such as the analysis of the competitive environment and comparison of the strategies of both Starbucks and its most prominent competitors will also be portrayed in the essay. The major objective of forming and implementing business-level strategies for Starbucks is to prevent its current business position and thereby attain a significant competitive position over its chief business market contenders. In relation to business-level strategies, it has been viewed that Starbucks injected abundance of resources for raising the infrastructure of the organization in order to provide long-term stability and sustainability. The various business-level strategies of the company have been described hereunder. Starbucks follow the business-level strategy of differentiation through which it focuses upon enhancing the quality of the products substantially, raising customer services and performing other important features so that it can distinguish its products, obtaining an edge over its major competitors. Contextually, it can be viewed that by employing the business-level strategy of differentiation, the company has been able to expand its functions in different areas acquiring a distinct leadership positioning in the international restaurant industry (Larson,

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Land Law - Essay Example 1 As such, the good order of property law is disrupted by proprietary estoppel. In successful proprietary estoppel claims, the court may transfer, change the nature of, or totally rescind proprietary rights. This is accomplished without first requiring the parties to comply with the strict formality tests to which property rights transactions are subject.2 Moreover, it seems that proprietary estoppel violates the all – important principle of property law that there has to be consensus for transfer of interests in property. The underlying notion is that the law of property should function in a manner that protects individual property rights. In addition, while applying it, the court should desist from involving itself in issues related to distributive justice. These issues are the preserve of the legislature and other branches of law. 3 As such, a certain amount of support is provided to proprietary estoppel by those who believe that it permits the courts to redistribute property rights, with scant regard for the owner’s consent. Such thinking is challenged by those who contend that equity should not trespass into realms, wherein the parties can be expected to control their relationship by means of a binding contract. 4 In Yaxley v Gotts,5 the court reiterated that in accordance with the principles of proprietary estoppel, it was unconscionable for a promisor to break the promise made to the promisee. A very important conclusion to be derived is that an agreement that does not comply with Section 2 of the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989, can all the same be enforced by resorting to the doctrine of proprietary estoppel.6 In Pritchard v Briggs, the Court of Appeal held that an interest in land was not created by a right of pre – emption, acting in isolation. What was required, in addition, was the

Bear Stearns Collapse Timeline Essay Example for Free

Bear Stearns Collapse Timeline Essay This week five years ago, JP Morgan announced it would buy Wall Street rival Bear Stearns in a deal worth $2 a share – this ultimately rose to $10. Here, Financial News looks at the events in the run-up to the fall of the 85-year old independent investment bank. Financial News compiled the timeline from press releases, contemporary media reports and William D Cohan’s account of the collapse of the bank, ‘House of Cards’. May 21, 2007 After months of growing instability in the US sub-prime mortgage market, Bear Stearns chairman Alan ‘Ace’ Greenberg offers reassurances that the firm, heavily exposed to the market, is on top of things. â€Å"The sub-prime (issue) has been blown completely out of proportion,† he says, in comments reported by Dow Jones Newswires. Mid-June 2007 Serious problems become apparent at two Bear Sterns hedge funds with a high exposure to sub-prime mortgages. Investors in the High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage Fund, which managed $600m, are informed that the fund has lost 23% of its value over the year to April, reports The Wall Street Journal. The fund begins a fire-sale to minimise exposures. After the failure of a mooted rescue plan involving support from lenders, a new rescue scheme is announced by Bear Stearns, which offers $3. 2bn for a bailout of a second fund the High Grade Structured Credit Fund. The bank previously had only $45m invested in this fund’s equity, according to William D Cohan in House of Cards’. Bear Stearns later says it is providing $1. 6bn to the fund rather than the original $3. 2bn, citing the sale of assets. A decision is made not to rescue the High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage Fund, according to Cohan. August 3, 2007 Standard Poor’s downgrades the bank’s outlook to negative. The bank says that concerns over its situation are â€Å"unwarranted† as the hedge fund fallout represented â€Å"isolated incidents† and â€Å"by no means a broader indication† of the bank’s performance, according to The Wall Street Journal. August 5, 2007 Bear Stearns president and co-chief operating officer Warren Spector resigns from the bank. Alan Schwartz is confirmed as sole president. Days later, the Associated Press reports that the bank sends letters to clients reassuring them of its financial position. September 10, 2007 British billionaire Joseph Lewis expresses his confidence in the future of the bank by acquiring a 7% stake, becoming one of the largest shareholders. October 5, 2007 Federal prosecutors launch an investigation into the collapse of the Bear Stearns hedge funds. November/December 2007 Chief financial officer Sam Molinaro says that the bank has been â€Å"very conservative and aggressive† in its revaluations, according to Dow Jones Newswires. On December 10, MarketWatch reports that the bank has written down $1. 9bn related to mortgage exposure. January 8, 2008 Chief executive Jimmy Cayne steps down after widespread criticism of his hands-off response to the events of the previous year. He remains as chairman. He is replaced at the top by Alan Schwartz. In the same month, the bank announces the closure of a third fund, the Bear Stearns Asset Backed Securities Fund. Bloomberg reports that this fund has suffered a decline of 39% of its value over a year. February, 2008 Hedge fund Peloton Partners, run by Goldman alumnus Ron Beller, collapses following its exposure to asset-backed securities. March 2008 Carlyle Capital, a hedge fund based in Amsterdam, collapses as concerns over exposures to mortgages begin to multiply, causing a squeeze on lines of funding. By March 5, insurance premiums on Bear Stearns debt have risen from $50,000 per $10m of debt at the beginning of 2005 to $350,000 per $10m debt, according to William D Cohan. It soon reaches $700,000. Monday, March 10, 2008 The company’s stock falls 11% to its lowest level in five years following a Moody’s downgrade of portions of its mortgage bond holdings, writes Cohan. The bank denies rumours that it is in trouble. Investors look for ways to bet on further falls in the bank’s stock. Tuesday, March 11, 2008 ING Groep, the Dutch bank, cancels $500m of short-term funding for Bear Stearns, according to The Wall Street Journal, following an example set by Rabobank. According to a press release, the Federal Reserve announces an unprecedented lending facility in which collateral can be exchanged for funding, but the scheme cannot be accessed until March 27. In another important incident, cited by Cohen in ‘House of Cards’, Goldman Sachs refuses to stand in for Hayman Capital in a trade with Bear Stearns, suggesting hemorrhaging confidence among major financial players. Wednesday. March 12, 2008 Overnight markets for funding begin to dry up, while institutions continue to deny short-term lending to Bear Stearns. Hedge funds and other investors continue in their attempts to extract their money from Bear Stearns, which is rapidly approaching a funding crisis. Thursday, March 13, 2008. As customers continue to withdraw funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Federal Reserve begin discussions on the crisis. In a meeting on Thursday night, reported by Cohen, it is discovered that outgoings at the firm can no longer be maintained, with the firm effectively running out of cash during the afternoon. Lawyers are summoned to discuss the options for bankruptcy, while a deal with JP Morgan Chase is sought. After late night negotiations, JP Morgan agrees in conjunction with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York that it will provide secured funding to Bear Sterns for an initial period of up to 28 days. Friday, March 14, 2008 The cobbled-together deal fails to assuage the markets. Investors continue to pull money from the bank over the course of the day. By the evening, it is clear that a solution will have to be devised over the weekend if the bank is to survive. Saturday, March 15- Sunday, March 16, 2008 JP Morgan says it cannot do a deal without support from the Federal Reserve, due to the large number of toxic securities on the books of Bear Stearns. In response, the Fed approves a loan of $30bn saying that it is necessary to avoid â€Å"serious disruptions in the financial markets†. JP Morgan offers just $2 per share for the bank, a large loss for those whose stock was worth $30 on Friday, $60 the week before and over $150 a year before. Bondholders will be rescued by the deal, which is accepted by the board of Bear Stearns on Sunday morning. Wrangles with JP Morgan over a contract situation which potentially leaves the bank liable for funding Bear Stearns without claiming full ownership result in brinkmanship from Bear Sterns. A final price of $10 per share is agreed, with a value of $1. 45bn attached to the equity. March 25 Bear Stearns chief executive Jimmy Cayne and his wife sell 5. 66 million shares in the bank for $61. 34m, which, according to Cohan, represented a $1bn loss on the bank’s stock. May 29 The final Bear Stearns shareholder meeting takes place, at which former CEO Cayne speaks of his sadness at the firm’s demise, according to The Wall Street Journal, citing guests present.

Effectiveness Of Mbct Against Other Approaches Psychology Essay

Effectiveness Of Mbct Against Other Approaches Psychology Essay Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is increasingly used in adult mental health treatment. Compare and contrast the effectiveness of MBCT to other approaches. Mindfulness-Based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a relatively new class-based program designed by Segal, Williams and Reasdale, 2002. The program was designed to prevent future relapse for people who suffer from major depression (Coelho, Canter, Ernst, 2007). This approach to psychological prophylaxis, based on current metacognitive concepts on information-processing, was designed based upon the integration aspects of CBT (Beck et al., 1979) and the mindfulness-based stress reduction programme (MBSR) developed by Kabat-Zinn and colleagues 1990.(REFERENNCE) Recently there has been a growth of interest in mindfulness-based psychotherapeutic approaches across a range of medical problems. Although the current empirical literature includes many methodological flaws, findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions may be helpful in the treatment of several disorders such as pain, stress, anxiety, depressive relapse, and disordered eating. (Baer, 2003) Mindfulness based cognitive therapy combines the practice and clinical application of mindfulness meditation with the tools of cognitive therapy. This paper aims to explore mindfulness based cognitive therapy in terms of schema theory in contrast to Wells S-REF model. A number of theorists have raised concerns over the limitations of schema theory, and have put forward revised frameworks for the conceptualization of cognitive processing in emotional disorders. Teasdale and Bernard (1993) believe that if people think negatively then that is the consequence of depression, rather than the cause of it, and the dysfunctional attitudes during an episode return to normal after recovery. Alladin (1985) conducted a longitudinal study which provided evidence that challenged the belief that negative cognitions caused depression. The primary focus of schema theory and cognitive therapy has been on the content of thoughts and beliefs rather than the cognitive processes. However, Becks schema theory explains the content of peoples thoughts but not on the style of their thinking. For example, overcritical parents, who never praised their child for success maybe the explanation for the definitive core believe (I am a failure) through the theoretical framework of schema theory. Although the model explains the content of peoples thoughts it does not give an explanation for the development of the distinct mode of thinking, for example, only processing information that backs up the failure theme, which is, the mistakes the person has made and the goals they have not achieved. However, Wells (2000) considers that these issues are missing links between cognitive theory and therapy. It is seen that how people think is an important dimension that has implications on the maintenance of psychological disorder and recovery. (REFERENCE) Teasdale et al. (2002) investigated the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based approach in prevention and relapse. Teasdale had 145 recovered randomised depressive patients to continue only treatment as usual or to receive mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. The patients were assessed over a 60week period the results showed that, for patients with three of more depressive episodes in the past, Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduced the risk of relapse, moreover, patients with only two depressive episodes sited no change. Teasdale et al. (2000) concluded that these results were clinically significant because the relapse rates of the group with the highest risk of reoccurrence had been halved. Teasdale et al. (2002) found that the combination of cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, as a result, metacognitive awareness is increased and depressive relapse is reduced. It can be seen that both approaches encourage a shift in a persons relationship with negative thoughts rather than a change of the thought itself. Despite the overall efficacy of the mindfulness approach, there are still theoretical limitations which need to be addressed which might lead clinical developments further in cognitive therapy. Baer 2003 emphasized a number of methodological problems whilst the research studies where taking place, noting that there were a major limitation to this approach. Baer criticizes the majority of studies examining the effects of mindfulness training, as they never used control groups. Moreover, TAU (treatment as usual) consisted of medical or unspecified psychotherapy approaches which does not allow the comparison of the effects of mindfulness interventions with specific psychological approaches. Bishop 2002 also questions the result from Teasdale et al. 2000 study, by stating that combining two forms of treatment together; it is difficult to draw any solid conclusions about the effectiveness of mindfulness-based approach in prevention of depressive relapse. Furthermore Bishop 2002 refers to problems with the conceptualization of mindfulness. Western descriptions up to now have been consistent with the Buddhist tradition which normally does not go beyond a descriptive nature. As of yet there have been no attempts to develop any qualities or the criteria of the mindfulness approach which have not been operationalised. Individuals experience and judge the effectiveness of mindfulness in different ways, which presents the problem of the determination of the criteria which are responsible for preventing patients from relapse and depression more difficult. Therefore the validity is in question due to the lack of evidence to support the definition of the construct. Bishop 2002 goes on to argue a conceptual definition is needed before the validity is tested. In this vein, Baer (2003) postulates the necessity of more randomized control trials to clarify whether observed effects are due to mindfulness interventions of to confounding factors such as placebo or passage of time. Furthermore, Wells (2000) criticizes the theoretical background of the mindfulness approach, the interactive cognitive sub-systems model, and states that one of its greatest limitations is the Implicational code concept and its circularity as it is difficult to define exactly what it means and where to locate implicational meaning in the information processing context. Moreover, Wells (2000) argues that the mindfulness awareness concept does not describe which component of self awareness improves or worsens emotional disorders. Wells (2000) then presents an alternative model of self-regulatory information processing (S-REF) which overcome the limitation of interactive cognitive sub-systems by using metacognition and attention in the centre of development and emotional disorders, rather than implicational meanings (e.g., ICS). Wells S-REF model is uniform with the schema theory, however it also incorporates aspects of cognitive architecture such as, regulation of attention and other components the individuals schema. The S-REF approach by Wells (2000) underlines the importance of restructuring maladaptive metacognitive beliefs as well as non metacognitive beliefs on schemas, which provides different clinical implications for cognitive behaviour therapy. New tools are then required for the restructuring of new therapeutic techniques in order to monitor and modify the metacognitive processes. An example of one of these new tools is metacognitive profiling (Wells, 2000) is to identify metacognitions like meta-beliefs, coping strategies, attention or memory that are activated in stressful situations. Wells (2000) and colleagues developed three different metacognitions questionnaires, an example of theses are , the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) (Wells, 2000), which assess and monitor metacognitionin in patients during their treatment. Other than monitoring metacognitions, Wells (2000) presents two different techniques to restructure cognition, i.e., modify attention (Attention Training Technique (ATT) and Situational Attention Refocusing (SAR)), which have some similarity with the mindfulness approach but without the focus on meditation. The theoretical model of self-regulation mechanisms in emotional disorder developed my Wells is important for the future development of cognitive therapy. The S-REF model seems to create the missing link between cognitive theory and therapy that Wells (2000) identified and could possibly form a base for the advancement for cognitive therapy in the future (Scherer-Dickson, 2004). It would be premature to attempt to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of Mindfulness based cognitive therapy as it is still in its early days of research. Given the growing interest in MBCT is should be seen as to consider the way in which future research should be directed, and not be critical on current effectiveness of the model. (Coelho, Canter, Ernst, 2007). Evidence that is circulating gives some indication that MBCT may be effective in treating a cognitive style that is characterised with depression. Kingston et al., 2007 noted that MBCT may be useful in treatment of residual depressive symptoms, however, these findings are not due to any specific effects of MBCT. (Coelho, Canter, Ernst, 2007). Further methodological testing is still required gain more insight into the developments to give this approach an even more robust foundation (Scherer-Dickson, 2004). New models developed on the basis of findings in cognitive sciences and cognitive theories about information processing and emotional processing (see Rachmann, 1980; Teasdale, 1999b) seem to have a major impact on the understanding of the development and maintenance of emotional disorders. The new models of cognitive processing do have clinical implications for cognitive therapy that goes beyond the framework of Becks schema theory (Beck et al., 1979). Apart from the development for prevention of relapse of depression with mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, Wells (2000) has gone on further to develop metacognitive aspects of emotional disorders. On looking at the models and theories outlined in this essay, changing the relationship that people have with the way they think, instead of changing the content of those thou ghts, has a major impact on therapy outcomes and relapse prevention (Schere- Dickson, 2004). It is clear to see that Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression is a cost-effective treatment programme for prevention of relapse. It goes on to teach patients skills in which they can identify high risk situations, and change their attitude to accept the way in which they think. The programme works better for those who seem more vulnerable and enable them to break the cycle of lifelong course of recurrent depression. The high relapse rates for depression underline the importance of prophylactic treatment during periods that fall between acute depressive episodes. Group programmes, like the one presented, could have a major impact on health services as they are cost-efficient and seem to work especially well with recovered patients that are very likely to relapse. (Scherer-Dickson, 2004)

Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activity Biology Essay

Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Activity Biology Essay Where A518 control is the absorbance of DPPH radical+ methanol; A518 sample is the absorbance of DPPH radical + extract or compound / standard. Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity Superoxide radical (O2-) was generated from the photoreduction of riboflavin and was deducted by nitro blue tetrazolium dye (NBT) reduction method. Measurement of superoxide anion scavenging activity was performed based on the method described by Winterbourne et al 186. The assay mixture contained sample with 0.1ml of Nitro blue tetrazolium (1.5 mM NBT) solution, 0.2 ml of EDTA (0.1M EDTA), 0.05 ml riboflavin (0.12 mM) and 2.55 ml of phosphate buffer (0.067 M phosphate buffer). The control tubes were also set up where in DMSO was added instead of sample. The reaction mixture was illuminated for 30 min and the absorbance at 560 nm was measured against the control samples. Quercetin was used as the reference compound. All the tests were performed in triplicate and the results averaged. The percentage inhibition was calculated by comparing the results of control and test samples. Total antioxidant activity (Phosphomolybdic acid method)187 The antioxidant activity of the sample was evaluated by the transformation of Mo (VI) to Mo (V) to form phosphomolybdenum complex. An aliquot of 0.4 ml of sample solution was combined in a vial with 4 ml of reagent solution (0.6 M sulfuric acid, 28 mM sodium phosphate and 4 mM ammonium molybdate). The vials were capped and incubated in a water bath at 950C for 90 min. After the samples had cooled to room temperature, the absorbance of the mixture was measured at 695 nm against a blank. The antioxidant activity was expresses relative to that of ascorbic acid. Determination of Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity This was assayed as described by Elizabeth and Rao.188 The assay is based on quantification of degradation product of 2-deoxy ribose by condensation with TBA. Hydroxyl radical was generated by the Fe3+ -Ascorbate -EDTA -H2O2 system (Fenton reaction). The reaction mixture contained 0.1 ml deoxyribose (2.8mM),0.1 ml EDTA (0.1 mM), 0.1 ml H2O2 (1mM), 0.1 ml Ascorbate (0.1mM), 0.1 ml KH2PO4-KOH buffer, pH 7.4 (20mM) and various concentrations of plant extract in a final volume of 1 ml. The reaction mixture was incubated for 1 hour at 370 C. Deoxyribose degradation was measured as TBARS and the percentage inhibition was calculated. Determination of Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity Nitric oxide generated from sodium nitroprusside in aqueous solution at physiological pH interacts with oxygen to produce nitrite ions, which were measured by the method of Garrat.189 The reaction mixture (3ml) containing 2 ml of sodium nitroprusside (10mM), 0.5 ml of phosphate buffer saline (1M) were incubated at 250C for 150 mins. After incubation, 0.5 ml of the reaction mixture containing nitrite was pipetted and mixed with 1 ml of sulphanilic acid reagent (0.33%) and allowed to stand for 5 min for completing diazotization. Then 1 ml of naphthylethylene diamine dihydrochloride (1% NEDA) was added, mixed and allowed to stand for 30 mins. Sodium nitroprusside in aqueous solution at physiological pH spontaneously generates nitric oxide, which interacts with oxygen to produce nitrite ions which can be estimated by the use of Griess Illosvery reaction at 540 nm. FRAP assay A modified method of Benzie and Strain 190 was adopted for the FRAP assay. The stock solutions included 300 mM acetate buffer, pH 3.6, 10 mM TPTZ (2, 4, 6-tripyridyl-S-triazine) solution in 40 mMHCl and 20 mMFecl3. 6H2O. The fresh working solution was prepared by mixing 25 ml acetate buffer, 2.5 ml TPTZ and 2.5 ml Fecl3 .6H2O. The temperature of the solution was raised to 370 C before using. Plant extracts (0.15 ml) were allowed to react with 2.85 ml of FRAP solution for 30 min in the dark condition. Readings of the colored product (Ferrous tripyridyltriazine complex) were taken at 593 nm. The standard curve was linear between 200 and 1000  µM Feso4. Results are expressed in  µM (Fe (II) /g dry mass and compared with that of ascorbic acid. Iron chelating activity The method of Benzie and strain190 was adopted for the assay. The principle is based on the formation of O-Phenanthroline-Fe2+ complex and its disruption in the presence of chelating agents. The reaction mixture containing 1 ml of 0.05% O-Phenanthroline in methanol, 2 ml ferric chloride (200 µM) and 2 ml of various concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 µg was incubated at room temperature for 10 min and the absorbance of the same was measured at 510 nm. EDTA was used as a classical metal chelator. The experiment was performed in triplicates. Estimation of total phenol The measurement of total phenol is based on Mallick and Singh.191 To 0.25g of sample, added 2.5 ml of ethanol and centrifuged at 2oC for 10 mins. The supernatant was preserved. Then, the sample was re-extracted with 2.5 ml of 80% ethanol and centrifuged. The pooled supernatant was evaporated to dryness. Then, added 3 ml of water to the dried supernatant. To which added 0.5 ml of Folins phenol reagent and 2 ml of sodium carbonate (20%). The reaction mixture was kept in boiling water bath for 1 min. the absorbance was measured at 650 nm in a spectrophotometer. Estimation of total flavonoids 192 0.2g of the plant material was ground with ethanol-water in 2 different ratios namely 9:1 and 1:1 respectively. The homogenate was filtered and these 2 ratios were combined. This was evaporated to dryness until most of the ethanol has removed. The resultant aqueous extract was extracted in a separating funnel with hexane or chloroform. The solvent extracted aqueous layer was concentrated 0.5 ml of aliquot of extract was pipette-out in a test tube. 4 ml of the vanillin reagent (1% vanillin in 70% conc. H2SO4) was added and kept in a boiling water bath for 15 mins. The absorbance was read at 360 nm. A standard was run by using catechol (110  µg/ml).

iceman - preservation Essay -- essays research papers fc

1. Explain why the iceman was so well preserved? ( source one) It is said that a frozen body will stay preserved over hundreds, even thousand of years. During the first stage of investigations Austrian archaeologist Konrad Spindler researched the layout which had proved that the iceman’s body position and placement of weapons were preserved in the same position from when the Iceman had died, it had also been proved that the body was initially covered in a thin layer of snow which had helped complete the freeze drying process before it turned into ice. The body had been so well preserved because of the depth that the Iceman was actually lying in the ground, which was near the watershed (watershed meaning a line of high land where streams on one side flow into one river or sea and streams on the other side flow into another.) This meant that a glacier would be able to develop above him throughout the next millennia without moving his position down hill. In this position he was able to remain buried, frozen, covered and protected by the cold over a period of 5,300 years as the worlds oldest, best preserved natural mummy. 2a) What purpose do you think the tattoo served? (Source 2) Scientists believe that the Iceman’s tattoo’s were first applied in 3,200 BC, the first evidence of acupuncture. Based on this information I believe that this ‘cruciform tattoo’ was marked on the iceman’s body in order to serve as a medical and therapeutic purpose, as it was discovered that he suffered from Acute Arthritis, Worms and Diarrhoea. Dr Frank Bahr (President of the German Academy for Acupuncture) who studies the trends and patterns of the iceman’s tattoos, believes that the cruciform, meaning cross-shape, tattoo and a master point tattoo on his back were applied in order to treat rheumatism. Bahr says â€Å""These points would still be selected by the best acupuncturists today." "It is the most common combination for treating rheumatic illness." Bahr also discovered 15 other smaller groups of tattoos marked on the Iceman’s back and legs which form an ancient acupuncture chart developed in central Europe, 2000 years before china. Bahr states â€Å"I was amazed , 80% of the points correspond to those used in Acupuncture today.† 2b) How does this influence previous historical concept of body art? Body art is one of the oldest forms of creative expression ... ...le to be Bias as there is no variety from where and who the opinions come from, they are one sided views which no one has attempted to prove or disprove in this particular article. 3c) Who is the main audience or who is source 10 aimed at? Source 10 is mainly aimed at an audience of an older mature group both male and female who particularly take an interest in science and history as the article has been printed in â€Å"Science Today† . Bibliography Konarad Spindler (1995) The Man In The Ice, Orion Books, London Chapter 13 Page 69-71 Chapter 15 Page 77-81 Chapter 17 Page 80-83 Toni Hurley, Philippa Medcalf, Jan Rolph (2000) Antiquity 1 Second Edition, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne Victoria, Australia Chapter 1 Page 5 Chapter 10 Page 103, 104, 113 Scott Fetzer (1991) The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book Inc, Chicago London Sydney Toronto Reference - B number 2 page 648 Left page right column. http://www.mummytombs.com/mummylocator/featured/otzi.htm Last updated 2000 http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/iceman/iceman.html Last updated 2005 http://www.fashion-era.com/jewellery.htm Last updated 1999 http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/clothing2.html Last updated 2003

The Allocating of a ‘Named Person for Every Child in Scotland Essay

Introduction Throughout my seminar paper I will focus on the issues surrounding the governments plan to assign every child in Scotland a ‘named person'. This is one point in the Children and Young Peoples (Scotland) Bill, that parliament recently debated and passed on the 19th of February this year. The government believes the bill will promote their "ambition for Scotland to be the best place to grow up in by putting children and young people at the heart of planning and services and ensuring their rights are respected across the public sector" (Scottish Executive, 2013). To gain insight into the approach in which the ‘named person' has stemmed from I will look at the ‘Getting it right for every child' (GIRFEC) approach. I also intend to look at the purpose and role of the ‘named person' in depth as some organisations lack of clarity of the role is leading to concerns. I intend to discuss the arguments for and against the ‘named person' and the challenges this may put on integration. Throughout the paper I will discuss the government's need for every child and young person under the age of 18 to have a ‘named person' and relate it to a European policy known as ‘social pedagogy', which outlines a unique way of working with children and the foundation for policy development. GIRFEC approach The Scottish government wants all children and young people to be completely supported as they mature and develop, they believe children should be kept safe, be healthy, be given the support to achieve, be nurtured, have the opportunity to be active, be respected, be responsible, and be included. In order for practitioners to support them with these the Scottish government applied the ‘GIRFEC' national practice model in 2008, as a method... ...s state guardian trial singled out thousands of kids. Retrieved February 22, 2014, from http://www.christian.org.uk/news/scots-state-guardian-trial-singled-out-thousands-of-kids/ The Scotsman. (2013). Children’s Future. Retrieved May 2, 2014, from http://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/letters/children-s-future-1-2924308 The Telegraph. (2013). Lawyers warn against 'Big Brother' plans to give every Scottish child a state guardian. Retrieved February 27, 2014, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scotland/10214975/Lawyers-warn-against-Big-Brother-plans-to-give-every-Scottish-child-a-state-guardian.html The Telegraph. (2014). Scottish ministers threatened with legal action over 'state guardian' plans. Retrieved February 23, 2014, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/10650090/Scottish-ministers-threatened-with-legal-action-over-state-guardian-plans.html

Divide and Classify Essay

Approximately 60% of all students enrolled in higher education receive some type of financial assistance. Financial aid is provided to students for many reasons. The primary reason is to increase the accessibility for families that are unable to afford the full cost of higher education. Scholarships, student loans, and federal work studies are categories of financial aid that are given to help students further their education. A scholarship is a financial award given to students in recognition of achievement, such as academics or athletics. Other scholarships are awarded to minorities and women to increase their access to higher education. In many cases, the qualifications for a scholarship include financial need as well. A scholarship does not require repayment. A student loan is an award offered by various government and private agencies. The interest rates are lower than those of regular bank loans, and in most cases interest is not charged while a student is enrolled in college; repayment is also extended over a long period of time. There are loans for students and parents. Student loans are the most common form of financial assistance to students. They are available for both undergraduate and graduate studies. They are issued by commercial banks and state student loan authorities at an interest rate considerably lower than the current market level and guaranteed by the federal government. The loan must be repaid within a ten-year period beginning six months after the student’s graduation. Work study is another type of student financial aid. It is a part-time job co-financed by the government and a college to allow students to earn money to help pay educational expenses. The program encourages community service work and work related to a student’s course of study. The salary will be at least minimum wage, but it may be higher depending on the type of work and skills required. The total federal work study awarded depends on when a student applies, the level of need, and the funding level of a college. An undergraduate student is paid by the hour. A graduate student may be paid by the hour or receive a salary. Working on campus usually means working for the school. Off-campus employers will usually be private nonprofit organizations or public agencies, and the work performed must be in the public interest. A student is limited as to the number of hours he can work. The amount a student can earn cannot exceed the total federal work study award. Many students look at the tuition of a college and make assumptions about final cost. Students should apply to the schools that best fit their academic needs, submit an application for financial aid, and find out what types of assistance are available. Then and only then, should a student make a final decision based on all the facts.

A Linear Regression Model

A Linear regression model with one explanatory variable is called a Simple linear regression, that is it involves 2 points: single predictor / explanatory variable and the response variable, which is the x and y coordinates in a Cartesian plane and finds a linear function a non-vertical straight line that, as precisely as possible it predicts the dependent variable values as a function of the independent variables. The term simple refers to the fact that the response variable is related to one predictor. The regression model is given as Y=?0+?1 + ? and they are two parameters that are used estimate the slope of the line ?1 and the y- intercept of the line ?0. ? is the random error term.BackgroundRegression analysis is a vital statistical method for the analysis of medical data. It makes it possible for the identification and characterization of relationships among multiple factors. It also enables the identification of prognostically relevant risk factors and the calculation of risk scores for individual prognostication, this was made possible by English scientist Sir Francis Galton (1822–1911), a cousin of Charles Darwin, made significant contributions to both genetics and psychology. He is the one that came up with regression and a pioneer in using statistics to biology. In his study One of the data sets that he considered consisted was the heights of fathers and first sons. He wanted to find out whether he can predict the height of a son based on the father height. Looking at the scatterplots of these heights, Galton saw that the was relationship which was linear and increasing. After fitting a line to these data using the statistical techniques, he observed that for fathers whose heights were taller than the average, the regression line predicted that taller fathers tended to have shorter sons and shorter fathers tended to have taller sons.PurposesSimple linear regression could be for example be purposefully when we Consider a relationship between weight Y (in kilograms) and height X(in centimeters), where the mean weight at a given height is ?(X) = 2X/4 – 45 for X > 100. Because of biological variability, the weight will vary for example, it might be normally distributed with a fixed ? = 4. The difference between an observed weight and mean weight at a given height is referred to as the error for that weight. To discover the relationship which is linear, we could take the weight of three individuals at each height and apply linear regression to model the mean weight as a function of height using a straight line, ?(X) = ?0 + ?1X . The most popular way to estimate the parameters, intercept ?0 and slope ?1 is the least squares estimator, which is derived by differentiating the regression with respect to ?0 and ?1 and solving, Let (xi , y i ) be the Ith pair of X and Y values. The least squares estimator, estimates ?0 and ?1 by minimizing the residual sum of squared errors, SSE = ?(y i – ? i)2, where y i are the observed value and ?i = b0 + b1xi are the estimated regression line points and are called the fitted, predicted or â€Å"hat† values. The estimates are given by b0 = ¯y – b1  ¯x and b1 = SSXX / SSYY, and where  ¯Xand  ¯Y are the means of samples X and Y, SSXX and SSYY being their standard deviation values and r = r(X,Y) being their Pearson correlation coefficient. It is also referred to as Pearson's r, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, is a measure of the linear between two variables X and Y Where X is the independent variable and Y being the Dependant variable as stated above. The Pearson correlation coefficient, r can take a range of values from -1 to +1. A value of 0 suggests that there is no association between the two variables X and Y. A value greater than 0 indicates a positive association that is, as the value of one variable increases, so does the value of the other variable. Before using simple linear regression analysis it is always vital to follow these few steps: Choose an independent variable that is likely to cause the change in the dependent variable Be certain that the past amounts for the independent variable occur in the exact same period as the amount of the dependent variable Plot the observations on a graph using the y-axis for the dependant variable and the x-axis for the independent variable review the plotted observations for a linear pattern and for any outliers keep in mind that there can be correlation without cause and effect.ImportancesSimple linear regression is considered to be extensively useful in many practical applications and methodologies. Simple linear regression functions by assuming that the variables x and y have a relationship which is linear within the given set of data. As assumptions are and results are interpreted, persons handling the analysing role in a such data will have to be more critical because it has been stu died before that there are some variables which inhibit marginal changes to occur while others will not consider being held at a fixed point. Although the concept of linear regression is one complex subject, it still remains to be one of the most vital statistical approaches being used till date. Simple linear regression is important because it has be wildly being used in many biological, behavioural , environmental as well as social sciences. Because of its ability to describe possible relationships between identified variables independent and dependent , it has assisted the fields of epidemiology, finance, economics and trend line in describing significant data that proves to be of essence in the identified fields. More so, simple linear regression is important because it provides an idea of what needs to be anticipated, more specially in controlling and regulating functions involved on some disciplines. Despite the complexity of simple linear aggression, it has proven to be adequately useful in many daily applications of life.ReferencesFahrmeir L, Kneib T, Lang S. 2nd edition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2009.Regression – Modelle, Methoden und Anwendungen.{ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2992018/}Carpenter JR, Kenward MG. Missing Data in Randomised Controlled Trials: A practical guide Birmingham, Alabama: National Institute for Health Research 2008{http://www.pcpoh.bham.ac.uk/publichealth/methodology/projects/RM03_JH17_MK.shtml.PublicationRM03/JH17/MK. }Karl Pearson (20 June 1895) â€Å"Notes on regression and inheritance in the case of two parents,† Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 58 : 240–242.{ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation_coefficient}â€Å"†SPSS Tutorials: Pearson Correlation†Ã¢â‚¬ . Retrieved 2017-05-14.{ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation_coefficient} {https://www.accountingcoach. com/blog/what-is-simple-linear-regression-analysis}Article?in?Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 187:253-318 †¢ January 1896?with?3 ReadsDOI: 10.1098/rsta.1896.0007{https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285316821_Regression_heredity_and_panmixia}â€Å"What is Simple Linear Regression?†. Pennsylvania State University. Retrieved 2016-10-17.{http://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/correlation-coefficient-formula/}Williams, M. N; Grajales, C. A. G; Kurkiewicz, D (2013). â€Å"Assumptions of multiple regression: Correcting two misconceptions†. Practical Assessment, Research ; Evaluation. 18 (11).{ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_least_squares}

Hum 176 Wk 2 Media Convergence Worksheet

University of Phoenix Material Media Convergence Worksheet Write brief 250- to 300-word answers to each of the following: QuestionsAnswers What is meant by the term media convergence with regard to technology, and how has it affected everyday life? The term media convergence with regards to technology is defined as a process of combining together the telecommunications and computers and turning them into one electronic or digital form.The media convergence has affected our everyday life as we know it in many ways, you can now watch television shows, listen to music and shop online using your computer all without leaving the privacy of your home. Using the computer you can also communicate using the email, or chat option on the computer, eliminating the need to call from your phone. Facebook is another option that allows you to keep up with friends and family, while knowing where they are at all times.The internet is a multitasking piece of equipment that has replaced many forms of co mmunications. Hard back books have been replaced with e-books, which can be electronically downloaded from your computer. The way we watch television has also changed, there are so many things that we can do through the television. You can program your home lights and alarms from you cell phone through the television. You can also communicate through you television to others, replacing the need for a telephone.The television and the internet are just two examples of media convergence, that has changed the way we shop, communicate, listen to music, watch the news and educate ourselves, it can all be done using the computer and connecting to the internet. People actually live on the internet and are becoming less social, because there is no need to leave their home for anything. What is meant by the term media convergence with regard to business, and how has it affected everyday life?The term media convergence in regards to business is the combination of computing and information proc essing with telecommunication networks provided from magazines, music, and entertainment programs. This converging links computing, communications and content. An example would be content that has been changed through different forms of delivery, digital forms are transmitted through broadband or wireless for viewing on computer s or similar equipment, cell phones, personal digital assistants, to video recorders that connected to television (technology).Business industries (media, technology, and telecommunication) have combined and developed new ideas that can increase profit from the consumers’ growing need for â€Å"on demand content†. Many analysts view media convergence as ending of the old media and rise of the new media (industry). Some of the many changes that have affected our lives as a result of media convergences in the business industry are the way we view information, the way we do everyday tasks and our value system.As a result we now have PDA or persona l digital assistants this device is a portable electronic notebook/computer that store information, keeps notes, addresses, reminders, and has a calendar. It is a mini computer that allows you to everything that you can do with a computer using a stylus rather than the keyboard. It fits in your pocket or purse and people rely on this device in order to function in everyday life. The smartphone is also a device that people rely on and they could not perform simple duties without it.You can text, email, chat, shop, watch movies, play games, use face book and twitter all from the smart phone. This eliminates a one on one discussion with a friend or family member and takes away the personal touch of body language and having face to face conversation. What are some of the issues that result from dependency on modern media? Describe at least three issues. Some of the issues that result from dependency on modern media are the increase of becoming withdrawn from society, the loss of social skills and personal relationships with friends, family and other loved ones.Another issue that can arise as a result of dependency is the chance of becoming what is known as a â€Å"media junkie† where the modern media takes preference over anything else (losing touch with reality). The cell phone has taken away our ability to properly communicate with each other by using slang and abbreviations in place of proper English. People are becoming less active, less visible, and trusting with each other. Studies have shown that â€Å"gamers† or people who play games (game tournaments) over the internet for hours and hours without stopping are likely to lose social skills.People with addictions or dependency on modern media are similar to those of a drug addict. It has been shown to produce distress and isolation in many people who are deprived from these devices. I think that this a major concern for parents of students and this younger generation. Dependency on modern media has caused up to depend on smartphones to tell time rather than wearing a watch. We text each other to communicate rather than using the phone to talk, and as opposed to watching the new we go to face book for the latest information, replacing the family time together watching television.These are just a few examples of the issues that results from the dependency on modern media. How does media literacy help with responsible media consumption? Media literacy helps individuals develop an informed understanding the nature of mass media. This awareness will prepare you to make wiser decision concerning issues that are facing our society, results of dependency, promotion of unacceptable behavior and exploiting personal problems for profit and other serious problems that can arise as a result of media consumption.The amount of available information is overwhelming and media purposely promotes dangerous stunts, violence, even pornography. The media impacts our society through this inform ation and degrades our moral values, social values, and integrity. Media has shaped the way we live, think, communicate and our life styles. We have cars that can park themselves, we speed date, we date online, from relationships online, and the media has played a role in all of it. Media consumption is important to prevent us from falling into the snare of becoming isolated and less social.

In What Ways Did Deng’s Leadership Bring Change to China in the Late 1970s and 1980s Essay

After Mao’s death in 1976, Deng abandoned the Maoist economic model and decided to open China up to free market economic reforms and Western style capitalism – all carefully controlled by the state still. He also introduced the ‘One Child’ policy. The domestic social, political, and most notably, economic systems would undergo significant changes during Deng’s time as leader. The goals of Deng’s reforms were summarized by the Four Modernizations, those of agriculture, industry, science and technology and the military. The strategy for achieving these aims of becoming a modern, industrial nation was the socialist market economy. For agriculture, it changed for the better. Deng first took steps to repair the damage done to farm production during the Great Leap Forward. In place of the communes he established the contract responsibility system. Under this arrangement, the government rented land to individual farm families, who then decided for themselves what to produce. The families contracted with the government simply to provide a certain amount of crops at a set price. Once the contract was fulfilled, the families were free to sell any extra crops at markets for whatever prices they could get. This chance to make more money by growing more crops greatly increased China’s farm production. Since the introduction of the contract responsibility system, Chinese farmers produced about 8 percent more each year than they did in the previous year. And many farmers have benefited greatly from the new plan. Under the contract responsibility system, families still did not own the land. The long-term leases awar ded by the government, however, helped to develop an â€Å"owner† attitude among the farmers. As a result, many families have made improvements to the land. As for the economy, Deng attracted foreign companies to a series of Special Economic Zones, where foreign investment and market liberalization were encouraged. Which meant that China needed Western technology and investment, and that it could open the door to foreign businesses who wanted to set up in China. The reforms centered on improving labor productivity as well. New material incentives and bonus systems were introduced. Rural markets selling peasants’ homegrown products and the surplus products of communes were revived. Not only did rural markets increase agricultural output, they stimulated industrial development as well. With peasants able to sell surplus agricultural yields on the open market, domestic consumption stimulated industrialization as well and also created political support for more difficult economic reforms. Another change for China was it’s industry, the four modernizations affected the industry positively. It provided electricity in the rural areas, industrial automation, a new economic outlook, and greatly enhanced defense strength. His program for industry had two goals. First, he wanted people to spend more money on consumer goods. Therefore, he changed the focus from heavy industry to light industry, the production of small consumer goods such as clothing, appliances, and bicycles. He also wanted factories to step up production. So he gave more decision-making power to individual factory managers. And he started a system of rewards for managers and workers who found ways to make factories produce more. All in all, these changes brought good results, and changed China for the better and is the China that is here today. Deng’s leadership really helped modernize China.

Why Youth Leave the Church

Introduction â€Å"With such an army of workers as our youth, rightly trained, might furnish, how soon the message of a crucified, risen, and soon-coming Savior might be carried to the whole world! † (Education, p. 271). Wow, what a statement. This is probably the most well known statement by Sister Ellen White concerning the youth. These words are so powerful and motivating, that they inspire the imagination to look forward to it’s fulfillment, to the day when this army of dedicated Christian young people will be spread out around the world to bring the message of Jesus’ soon return to everyone.I must confess that simply the thought of this sends shivers down my spine. I am, however, forced to question whether this dream will ever become a reality. The church, it seems, is facing a dilemma, in that we are losing the youth. Many of our young people are leaving the church, and in seeking to answer the question of why this is happening, I would like to share with y ou the resource that I believe to most accurately describe the reason for the youth leaving the church, as well as what to do to stem the flow of this widespread desertion. Recommended Resource(s)The main resource that I believe to be the best and that I would like to recommend, is the book, Why our Teenagers Leave the Church, written by author Roger L. Dudley. I will also be referring to two other resources that I used, both of which is based on the above mentioned book. The first and most important is an article with the same title, and by the same author. It is basically a condensed version of the book, and it covers the basics of the research done, as well as the results and what can be done to prevent the youth from leaving the church. The second is a sermon by Pastor Dwight K.Nelson, titled, Primer for the next generation: XNY 101. In the sermon Pastor Nelson briefly explains how the study was done, the results attained, and the remedy to the problem. I will now proceed to dis cuss the two secondary resources (Article: Why our teenagers leave the church; Sermon: Primer for the next generation: XNY 101), based on the premise of the primary resource (Book: Why our teenagers leave the church). Primary Resource Roger Dudley’s book is the culmination of an expansive 10 year longitudinal study, where the author traced the lives of about 1500 teenagers as they grew up and, often, grew disillusioned.According to his book, Dudley asserts that 40 to 50 percent of Adventist youth leave the church before their mid twenties. Secondary Resources Why our Teenagers leave the Church (Article) As was mentioned previously, the article is a very condensed version of the book, and it goes straight to the point. The purpose of the study was to attempt to discover the extent of the church’s loss of it’s young adults. According to the article, 40 to 50 percent of baptized Seventh Day Adventist teenagers either dropped their membership, or became inactive in the church, in their mid twenties.According to Dudley, there are five influences that determines the continuation or discontinuation of young people in the church, and they are as follows: Home Influences Parochial vs. Public Education Congregational Involvemnet Lifestyle Standards Devotional Practices I am in favor of, and recommend this resource, because it is straight forward and to the point. It provides the needed facts right from the start, allowing the reader to look at the all the determinants and then make a plan on how to proceed to negate or minimize the loss of young people.Primer for the next generation: XNY 101 (Sermon: Audio) Pastor Dwight K. Nelson starts of by explaining the details of the study that was done. He quotes the following from the book: â€Å"Many teenagers and young adults are leaving the church because they perceive it to be behavior centered when they are looking for relationships. † (Why Our Teenagers Leave the Church, P58) â€Å"We have seen that though our youth have heard the words of the gospel of righteousness by grace through faith, . . . [our] emphasis on behavioral standards has led the majority to believe that they must somehow merit salvation. . . Through precept and example, we must do everything possible to clarify grace and to break the hold of legalism. We must communicate a gospel of hope. Without this effort we will never retain our youth. They will not continue to struggle in a contest that they cannot possibly win. † (58, 59 emphasis supplied) I would also gladly recommend this resource, because Paster Nelson identifies the problem from the data, and he then goes on to provide a remedy to the problem. Conclusion â€Å"We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future. † Franklin D. RooseveltWhen looking at the data covered in these resources, it is clear that the future is uncertain. It is also clear that the youth are the leaders of tomorrows churc h, and in order for them to lead, they need to be there. We need to realize that we cannot necessarily set everything in place for our youth, but, what we can however do, is to prepare our youth for the future, for the decision’s that they will have to make. We can prepare them for this uncertain future by laying a good foundation in our educational institutions, at church, and most importantly at home. The greatest determinant, by far, is the family.If the family is built on the rock, nothing can shake it. â€Å"With such an army of workers as our youth, rightly trained, might furnish, how soon the message of a crucified, risen, and soon-coming Savior might be carried to the whole world! † (Education, p. 271). — Reference List Ellen G. White, Education ( Washington, D. C. : Review and Herald, 1903). Roger L. Dudley, Why Our Teenagers Leave the Church: Personal Stories from a 10-Year Study (Hagerstown, Md. : Review and Herald, 2000) Roger L. Dudley, Why Our Teen agers Leave the Church (Spectrum, Volume 28, Issue 4, Autumn 2000)

Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Marketing plan - Essay Example Observing competitors’ plans, market segments, customers attitude to them and their strengths can help a business to understand how to structure their markets (Bangs, 2002, p. 61). Major competitors of Pizza Restaurant are other few Hotels, Restaurants and Resorts in nearby cities. Out of them, Eat-Fresh is a large scale restaurant, providing greater facilities like dancing and entertainment for customers, that has a customer base of around 2000 people per day. It has adopted various promotional strategies. Hotel Zigzag also attracts more than 1500 visitors a day and serves multicultural food to people who reach there from various parts of the world, and has been successful with its customer-focus strategy. Al-Raid and Hill-View are two other competitors, attracting 500 to 100 visitor a day, who provide variety of amenities to facilitate entertainment, with their customer-loyalty strategies. Answer to Question- 2 Pizza Restaurant is located in a large city in Riyadh, Saudi Ara bia, where large industries and oil refineries contribute greater money flow to the economy and therefore people in Riyadh are more rich than in other parts of the country. More than 60% of the people are from Rich hippies and they are very likely to spend their times in restaurants, not only for their hunger but also meet their entertainment purposes.

Effect of Conquest of America on Europe's relationship with Africa and Essay

Effect of Conquest of America on Europe's relationship with Africa and Asia - Essay Example Each ship that ventured out to the unknown world has gold, territory and glory as objectives for the country it served. When America was discovered, it was found that its natural resources were in abundance and in the flurry of new explorations fueled by the American colonial success, they found Asia and Africa and the new resources that they had to offer, resources that can be easily exploited and easily compliment their interests in the New World. It is in this respect that the African slavery became significant. The mines of Peru and Mexico, the plantations in Brazil and the Caribbean - they required new laborers after the number of indigenous peoples were effectively decimated upon the arrival of the colonizers. According to Crosby (2003), the Andean Inca civilization alone lost more than 8 million of its 9 million indigenous natives (22). During most of the period of colonization of Africa, its main utility for its colonizers were its slaves. Millions of Africans were shipped to the plantations in America and this trade in itself has been a major source of revenue for Portugal. Besides the slaves, however, Africa also supplied ivory, gold, diamonds, cocoa, nut oils and timber. The case of Asian relationship with Europe, the situation is a little more different than the African experience. Unlike the latter, Asia fell to European colonization rather later. It was only after the 1850s wherein the West made some significant headway in colonizing the Far East. This variable contributed to the manner by which the Asian colonies were exploited and administered. For instance, Spain ruled the Philippines through Mexico. Then, Asian slaves were not common while their raw materials produce and other products were either sent to Europe or to Latin America for processing. Britain was also able to milk India dry with its precious stones, spices, tea, and other resources. Asia, somehow, was treated like Latin America, a source of wealth for its masters that wield their power from Europe but not in the degree or manner the Europeans exploited Africa. What the colonization of the Americas, Asia and Africa demonstrated was the fact that these continents became embroiled with some form of globalization especially producing a type of division of labor that we could actually identify as roughly similar to what we have today. One analogy that could probably describe the situation was how other races were exploited in order to enrich and provide for the requirements of the European imperialists. A less emotional description would argue that during the age of colonization, nations became engaged with specialization in goods production and in occupation by their respective peoples, according to the resources of their home countries and their status in the empire that they belong. An important variable that must be underscored in this investigation is the fact that the European hegemony during the Age of Discovery is not mainly driven by the absolute superio rity of the European technologies and weaponry. Spain, for example has risen to its imperial status and consolidated its global

Five-Year Career Development Plan Research Proposal

Five-Year Career Development Plan - Research Proposal Example I will know more as I investigate this opportunity. I intend to find a specific career and then look into what I need to do to augment the skills I have learned in my business classes. I know that I will need to go to a Chamber of Commerce or a specific program that can give me information on small business development. I will need to develop the skills of an entrepreneur which means I will need to work well on my own and be motivated to do the work that I love to do. Brown (2007) suggests that there are seven areas that an entrepreneur must have or must hire someone to do for them. These seven skills include: marketing and sales, customer service, human resources, accounting and finance, administration, worth the effort and operations and production. I have some skills in several of these areas and would hire out my needs in other areas. As an example, I would not do well with my own accounting and finance because I do not like numbers and my math is not strong. I would hire an accountant to help in this area. I will learn more abou t Internet marketing because I believe that this is the way that most businesses achieve greatness when they are small. I will investigate this area more and use social networking to further my marketing needs. Whether I have a product or a service I am certain that I can find the information I need about how to turn my business into a profit using the Internet. I have explored the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to find out information about my personality and how it relates to my skills. I found out that I am an Introverted Sensing Thinking Judger (INTJ). This means that I have several things in my current abilities that will work with my interests and beliefs. I am receiving my Bachelors Degree in business and I now I will need other training but I am not sure in what subjects yet. I have a high school diploma and I have attended a few other classes. Business has always interested me and to have my own business is